Vol. 38 No. 2 Maret 2021
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR USIA 09-11 TAHU
Hening Widjayanti,* Hexanto Muhartomo,* M. I. Widiastuti,* Amin Husni,* Dani Rahmawati,* Trianggoro Budisulistyo*
CORRELATION BETWEEN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN AGED 9-11 YEARS
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia found in children. In iron deficiency anemia, levels of hemoglobin and ferritin must be considered. Hence, anemia can cause in impairment of cognitive function in children.
Aim: To analyze the correlation between iron deficiency anemia and cognitive function in primary school children aged 9-11 years.
Methods: This was an observational study with cross sectional design. The subjects of this study were students at Taqwiyatul Waton Primary School, Semarang and Tanjung Mas Primary School, Semarang, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study was conducted from March to June 2019. Laboratory tests for hemoglobin levels and ferritin levels were carried out at Paramitha Laboratory, Semarang. The data were obtained either from the study subjects and their parents. The assessment of cognitive function used modified Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data analysis used Spearman's bivariate correlation test and partial correlation. The result was considered significant if the p value <0.05.
Results: This study was carried out 70 students from Taqwiyatul Waton Primary School, Semarang and Tanjung Mas Primary School, Semarang. A moderate correlation was found between iron deficiency anemia and cognitive function (r = -0.505; p <0.001).
Discussion: Their was a moderate relationship between iron deficiency anemia and cognitive function.
Keyword : Cognitive function, iron deficiency anemia, nutritional status
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Kasus anemia yang paling sering terjadi pada anak-anak yaitu anemia defisiensi besi. Pada anemia defisiensi besi yang harus diperhatikan yaitu kadar hemoglobin, dan kadar feritin. Anemia disini dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi kognitif pada anak-anak.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara anemia defisiensi besi dengan fungsi kognitif pada anak sekolah dasar usia 9-11 tahun.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain belah lintang. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa di SD Taqwiyatul Waton, Semarang dan SD Tanjung Mas, Semarang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Maret sampai dengan Juni 2019. Pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dan kadar feritin dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pramitha Semarang. Data pasien diperoleh dengan pengisian kuesioner oleh siswa dan orang tua. Penilaian fungsi kognitif dengan Modified Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) pada anak. Analisis data dengan uji korelasi bivariat Spearman’s dan korelasi parsial. Hasil dikatakan bermakna bila nilai p<0,05.
Hasil: Penelitian ini dengan total 70 siswa dari SD Taqwiyatul Waton, Semarang dan SD Tanjung Mas, Semarang. Didapatkan korelasi sedang antara anemia defisiensi besi dengan fungsi kognitif (r=-0,505;p<0,001).
Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi sedang antara anemia defisiensi besi dengan fungsi kognitif pada anak SD usia 9-11 tahun.
Kata Kunci: Anemia defisiensi besi, fungsi kognitif, status gizi.
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*SMF Neurologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro/RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang, Indonesia.
Korespondensi: hening.widjayanti@gmail.com
